[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":379},["ShallowReactive",2],{"$fgukOamtKU1RtUiMFsqdObttmqPPQz0uc7bl_gj_LyX0":3,"$fwaIRmVr29XM4O0k64B4ctO-lnmN-63DAypDJ8jpGi0Y":245,"article-185":378},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"",{"category":7,"tag":11,"popular":19,"latest":86,"banner":126,"list":151,"cache":244},[8,9,10],"Agent","OpenAI","LLM",[8,12,13,14,9,10,15,16,17,18],"Google","Nvidia","Claude","DeepSeek","OCR","Chat","Generator",[20,29,37,45,54,62,70,79],{"id":21,"publish_date":22,"is_original":23,"collection":5,"cover_url":24,"cover_url_1_1":25,"title":26,"summary":27,"author":28},411,"2023-09-10",1,"article_res/cover/451ef50c225a8dc61c4336506794d13b.jpeg","article_res/cover/3ba9dc7a72f87d40b20fc2d225289ee3.jpeg","Idealism","Reality is created by the mind, we can change our reality by changing our mind. - Plato","Renee's Entrepreneurial Journey",{"id":30,"publish_date":31,"is_original":23,"collection":32,"cover_url":33,"cover_url_1_1":34,"title":35,"summary":36,"author":28},108,"2024-12-07","#LLM #AGI #AI Agent","article_res/cover/0039044422e4ec9f61c18e8ee1693bb0.jpeg","article_res/cover/4220971b108a91d21407d87bb02fbaa6.jpeg","Freysa.ai: The World's First Adversarial AI Agent Game","说服 Freysa 把钱包里的钱都拿出来",{"id":38,"publish_date":39,"is_original":23,"collection":40,"cover_url":41,"cover_url_1_1":42,"title":43,"summary":44,"author":28},12,"2025-03-09","#Oxford #Reasoning #LLM #Tool Use","article_res/cover/d448e9b3617a0b5302e1bd10c438bca9.jpeg","article_res/cover/864a468f9cc4c9317efadb3811909888.jpeg","Agentic Reasoning Framework - Significantly enhance the reasoning ability of LLMs through the integration of external tools using agents","Agentic Reasoning: Reasoning LLMs with Tools for Deep Research",{"id":46,"publish_date":47,"is_original":4,"collection":48,"cover_url":49,"cover_url_1_1":50,"title":51,"summary":52,"author":53},480,"2023-04-14","#Stable Diffusion","article_res/cover/0bdbe7cb1de4a78e54536e5d9afa7ec9.jpeg","article_res/cover/b3d6ffec0608dcfaf18c5a69906d1490.jpeg","【AIGC Learning】Generate Prompts Using Word Graphs - Stable Diffusion Web UI Series 13","AI will become a powerful tool in education, transforming the way we learn and deliver instruction.  \n- Reid Hoffman","--",{"id":55,"publish_date":56,"is_original":4,"collection":57,"cover_url":58,"cover_url_1_1":59,"title":60,"summary":61,"author":28},413,"2023-09-08","#Neuroscience","article_res/cover/74f8302d78a23d9430f22171eae136b6.jpeg","article_res/cover/87ca08af81bb304746be5261160964c0.jpeg","Can machines be conscious?","Do we have an ethical obligation to not turn off conscious machines? Would turning them off be murder? No. I don't lose any sleep over unplugging a conscious machine.\n- Jeff Hawkins, \"A Thousand Brains\"",{"id":63,"publish_date":64,"is_original":23,"collection":65,"cover_url":66,"cover_url_1_1":67,"title":68,"summary":69,"author":28},178,"2024-09-09","#Entrepreneurship","article_res/cover/a7224f025b55d1820408085faef63079.jpeg","article_res/cover/11a9995b096cbf64465ef01b8673b154.jpeg","37signals company","This damn sense of relaxation",{"id":71,"publish_date":72,"is_original":4,"collection":73,"cover_url":74,"cover_url_1_1":75,"title":76,"summary":77,"author":78},460,"2023-05-12","#Google","article_res/cover/b970687b12faa52da976f91248c2aa7b.jpeg","article_res/cover/d1e71b52cfd2c63bc6e71f3e85ff135c.jpeg","Learn what BRC-20 and Ordinals are using Google Bard","Ordinals - a new protocol that allows users to store arbitrary data on the Bitcoin blockchain","Google Bard mainly writes",{"id":80,"publish_date":81,"is_original":23,"collection":5,"cover_url":82,"cover_url_1_1":83,"title":84,"summary":85,"author":28},309,"2024-03-26","article_res/cover/9877f95894ee88532d0e6012c23a2df3.jpeg","article_res/cover/20092164ddc109ce6ae56b1984246751.jpeg","Learning the Cancun Upgrade with lepton and perplexity","Building a quick conversation-based search demo with Lepton AI.",[87,95,103,111,119],{"id":88,"publish_date":89,"is_original":23,"collection":90,"cover_url":91,"cover_url_1_1":92,"title":93,"summary":94,"author":28},627,"2025-03-20","#AI Avatar #AI Video Generation","article_res/cover/d95481358f73924989f8c4ee9c75d1c8.jpeg","article_res/cover/b74bc0fab01f8b6a6aa87696c0c3ed8b.jpeg","DisPose: Generating Animated Videos by Driving Video with Reference Images","DisPose is a controllable human image animation method that enhances video generation.",{"id":96,"publish_date":97,"is_original":23,"collection":98,"cover_url":99,"cover_url_1_1":100,"title":101,"summary":102,"author":28},626,"2025-03-21","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #RL #Andrej Karpathy #AlphaGo","article_res/cover/446553a5c8f8f2f07d97b20eaee84e56.jpeg","article_res/cover/e6c2823409c9b34624064b9acbaca6f1.jpeg","AlphaGo and the Power of Reinforcement Learning - Andrej Karpathy's Deep Dive on LLMs (Part 9)","Simply learning from humans will never surpass human capabilities.",{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":23,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":28},625,"2025-03-22","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #RL #RLHF #Andrej Karpathy","article_res/cover/8da81d38b1e5cf558a164710fd8a5389.jpeg","article_res/cover/96f028d76c362a99a0dd56389e8f7a9b.jpeg","Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) - Andrej Karpathy's Deep Dive on LLMs (Part 10)","Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferences",{"id":112,"publish_date":113,"is_original":23,"collection":114,"cover_url":115,"cover_url_1_1":116,"title":117,"summary":118,"author":28},624,"2025-03-23","#Deep Dive into LLMs #LLM #Andrej Karpathy #AI Agent #MMM","article_res/cover/a5e7c3d48bb09109684d6513287c661d.jpeg","article_res/cover/d3f22b7c0ab8d82fd2da457a299e0773.jpeg","The Future of Large Language Models - Andrej Karpathy's In-Depth Explanation of LLM (Part 11)","preview of things to come",{"id":120,"publish_date":113,"is_original":23,"collection":121,"cover_url":122,"cover_url_1_1":123,"title":124,"summary":125,"author":28},623,"#Google #Voe #AI Video Generation","article_res/cover/c44062fea0f336c2b96b3928292392c2.jpeg","article_res/cover/a041041c69092ad3db191c5bf3ff981b.jpeg","Trial of Google's video generation model VOE2","Our state-of-the-art video generation model",[127,135,143],{"id":128,"publish_date":129,"is_original":23,"collection":130,"cover_url":131,"cover_url_1_1":132,"title":133,"summary":134,"author":28},300,"2024-04-16","#AI in Science #AGI","article_res/cover/6bf01e793e0f33e848572412eebdf9b0.jpeg","article_res/cover/91a5ee21dafecb914fabeb9430d46ec1.jpeg","Would Einstein lose his job - AI and Quantum Computing: A Glimpse into the Near Future","So Einstein's job is still safe.",{"id":136,"publish_date":137,"is_original":23,"collection":138,"cover_url":139,"cover_url_1_1":140,"title":141,"summary":142,"author":28},101,"2024-12-14","#Nvidia #AI 3D Generator","article_res/cover/693e07c85980c5c0c8fde3f037733f23.jpeg","article_res/cover/9ea8edff2d5d303ff3fffff3f6f9c3d9.jpeg","NVIDIA's open-source 3D project LLaMA-Mesh","LLaMA-Mesh: Unifying 3D Mesh Generation with Language Models",{"id":144,"publish_date":145,"is_original":23,"collection":146,"cover_url":147,"cover_url_1_1":148,"title":149,"summary":150,"author":28},131,"2024-11-10","#OpenAI","article_res/cover/87f8ed353ce39f31960e7cdfaf075a35.jpeg","article_res/cover/f597a63935f5cd32e484b4aadd6019e8.jpeg","ChatGPT has launched the Search function","Get fast, timely answers with links to relevant web sources.",{"big":152,"small":214},[153,181],{"title":154,"list":155},"AGENT",[156,157,165,173],{"id":112,"publish_date":113,"is_original":23,"collection":114,"cover_url":115,"cover_url_1_1":116,"title":117,"summary":118,"author":28},{"id":158,"publish_date":159,"is_original":23,"collection":160,"cover_url":161,"cover_url_1_1":162,"title":163,"summary":164,"author":28},622,"2025-03-24","#OWL #AI Agent #MAS #MCP #CUA","article_res/cover/cb50ca7f2bf4d1ed50202d7406e1c19a.jpeg","article_res/cover/4aa7aa3badfacf3cc84121334f1050dd.jpeg","OWL: Multi-agent collaboration","OWL: Optimized Workforce Learning for General Multi-Agent Assistance in Real-World Task Automation",{"id":166,"publish_date":167,"is_original":23,"collection":168,"cover_url":169,"cover_url_1_1":170,"title":171,"summary":172,"author":28},620,"2025-03-26","#LLM #Google #Gemini #AI Agent","article_res/cover/53751a6dbbe990b1eb0b63f3b062aed4.jpeg","article_res/cover/031344981f0a212ff82d1f3a64aa5756.jpeg","Gemini 2.5 Pro, claimed to be far ahead of the competition, has been released with great fanfare: comprehensively surpassing other LLMs and topping the global rankings","Gemini 2.5: Our most intelligent AI model",{"id":174,"publish_date":175,"is_original":23,"collection":176,"cover_url":177,"cover_url_1_1":178,"title":179,"summary":180,"author":28},616,"2025-03-29","#MAS #AI Agent #AI Coder #MetaGPT #MGX","article_res/cover/9dcd702ad2035902e5e77967c34a1f1e.jpeg","article_res/cover/0a97fc4a922753c8f46ff38792020df8.jpeg","MGX - An automated website-building platform composed of multiple AI Agents","Your 24/7 AI Team | Dream, Chat, Create.",{"title":182,"list":183},"OPENAI",[184,191,199,206],{"id":185,"publish_date":167,"is_original":23,"collection":186,"cover_url":187,"cover_url_1_1":188,"title":189,"summary":190,"author":28},619,"#OpenAI #AI Image Generator #4o #MMM #AR Transformer","article_res/cover/2faffc97fcecf3151552cb0fd3206d89.jpeg","article_res/cover/1133cb4948af44cee2e7fbe79efb69e5.jpeg","The native image function of GPT-4o is officially launched","Introducing 4o Image Generation",{"id":192,"publish_date":193,"is_original":4,"collection":194,"cover_url":195,"cover_url_1_1":196,"title":197,"summary":198,"author":28},434,"2023-07-15","#Anthropic #OpenAI #Google #AI Code Generator #Claude","article_res/cover/e1b6f600a2b9f262a4392684e5f2ce25.jpeg","article_res/cover/6e1772e83f78f9a351ab23d3e414adee.jpeg","Latest Updates on Google Bard /Anthropic Claude2 / ChatGPT Code Interpreter","We want our models to use their programming skills to provide more natural interfaces to the basic functions of our computers.  \n - OpenAI",{"id":200,"publish_date":201,"is_original":4,"collection":146,"cover_url":202,"cover_url_1_1":203,"title":204,"summary":205,"author":28},417,"2023-08-24","article_res/cover/bccf897d50a88b18364e35f7466387e0.jpeg","article_res/cover/2f871085c1073717c1703ae86e18056f.jpeg","The GPT-3.5 Turbo fine-tuning (fine-tuning function) has been released～","Developers can now bring their own data to customize GPT-3.5 Turbo for their use cases.",{"id":207,"publish_date":208,"is_original":4,"collection":209,"cover_url":210,"cover_url_1_1":211,"title":212,"summary":213,"author":28},407,"2023-09-22","#OpenAI #AI Image Generator","article_res/cover/c59005e903d35cfc32346e2756e2728a.jpeg","article_res/cover/ba011d265e6d84b5c8cb6fd6b757b6cc.jpeg","Dall-E 3","DALL·E 3 understands significantly more nuance and detail, allowing you to easily translate your ideas into images.",[215,221,241],{"title":10,"list":216},[217,218,219,220],{"id":96,"publish_date":97,"is_original":23,"collection":98,"cover_url":99,"cover_url_1_1":100,"title":101,"summary":102,"author":28},{"id":104,"publish_date":105,"is_original":23,"collection":106,"cover_url":107,"cover_url_1_1":108,"title":109,"summary":110,"author":28},{"id":112,"publish_date":113,"is_original":23,"collection":114,"cover_url":115,"cover_url_1_1":116,"title":117,"summary":118,"author":28},{"id":166,"publish_date":167,"is_original":23,"collection":168,"cover_url":169,"cover_url_1_1":170,"title":171,"summary":172,"author":28},{"title":222,"list":223},"GOOGLE",[224,225,226,234],{"id":120,"publish_date":113,"is_original":23,"collection":121,"cover_url":122,"cover_url_1_1":123,"title":124,"summary":125,"author":28},{"id":166,"publish_date":167,"is_original":23,"collection":168,"cover_url":169,"cover_url_1_1":170,"title":171,"summary":172,"author":28},{"id":227,"publish_date":228,"is_original":23,"collection":229,"cover_url":230,"cover_url_1_1":231,"title":232,"summary":233,"author":28},615,"2025-03-30","#AI Researcher #AI Science #HKU #Google #AI Agent","article_res/cover/21fadf906067714bb0db31ae13a77c15.jpeg","article_res/cover/2697999a72bd26b22e85f0e92936d3ed.jpeg","AI-Researcher: LLM-driven全自动 scientific research assistant","AI-Researcher: Fully-Automated Scientific Discovery with LLM Agents  \nOpen-Sourced Alternative to Google AI Co-Scientist",{"id":235,"publish_date":236,"is_original":23,"collection":73,"cover_url":237,"cover_url_1_1":238,"title":239,"summary":240,"author":28},463,"2023-05-09","article_res/cover/89800f207723acdb55fc53bf999ebdc9.jpeg","article_res/cover/5764f369b4accd8f83e94aa4c077a175.jpeg","The Smallville sandbox world - A town with 25 virtual residents","Believable proxies of human behavior can empower interactive apps: Immersive environment, Rehearsal space, Prototyping tool",{"title":242,"list":243},"NVIDIA",[],true,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":246},{"id":247,"publish_date":248,"is_original":23,"collection":249,"articles_id":250,"cover_url":251,"cover_url_1_1":252,"title":253,"summary":254,"author":28,"content":255,"popular":256,"list":321,"category":376,"tag":377},185,"2024-08-29","#AI in Science #Nature","9-pABlopCXJLZlOFZtAIQQ","article_res/cover/194ffd725876fa7c3a8d36841d737fb2.jpeg","article_res/cover/59418e8cd0d64a3009356da529632030.jpeg","From GPT-4 to ChemCrow: How AI is transforming chemical research","ChemCrow - an LLM chemistry agent to accomplish tasks across organic synthesis, drug discovery, and materials design","\u003Cdiv class=\"rich_media_content js_underline_content\n                       autoTypeSetting24psection\n            \" id=\"js_content\">\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>I recently came across an article in Nature: \"Augmenting large language models with chemistry tools.\"\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>The article introduces ChemCrow, a chemistry-intelligent agent specifically designed for tasks in organic synthesis, drug discovery, and materials design. By integrating 18 expert-designed tools and using GPT-4 as the base model, ChemCrow enhances the performance of LLMs in the field of chemistry, showcasing new capabilities. ChemCrow autonomously planned and executed the synthesis of a common insect repellent and three organic catalysts, guiding the discovery of a novel chromophore. Through evaluations by both LLMs and experts, it demonstrated the effectiveness of ChemCrow in automating diverse chemical tasks. ChemCrow not only assists professional chemists but also lowers the barrier to entry for non-specialists in chemical research while bridging the gap between experimental and computational chemistry.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-imgfileid=\"100006447\" data-ratio=\"0.7166666666666667\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"\" src=\"./assets/17423802812130.8786895726657633.jpeg\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>a. Overview of the problem-solving process. By utilizing various chemistry-related software packages and tools, a set of toolkits was created. These tools, along with user input, were provided to a large language model (LLM). The LLM decides its path, tool selection, and input through an automatic, iterative thought chain process, ultimately arriving at an answer. The figure illustrates the process of synthesizing the common insect repellent DEET.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>b. The toolkit implemented in ChemCrow: including reaction tools, molecular tools, safety tools, search tools, and standard tools. Image source: The photo in (a) was taken by IBM Research and is used under a Creative Commons license CC BY-ND 2.0.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-imgfileid=\"100006448\" data-ratio=\"0.524074074074074\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"\" src=\"./assets/17423802812160.321600859610808.jpeg\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>a. An example of a user running a script to launch ChemCrow.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>b. The process of querying and synthesizing thiourea organic catalysts.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>c. The IBM Research RoboRXN synthesis platform used to perform experiments (image provided and reprinted by International Business Machines Corporation).\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>d. Experimentally validated compounds. Image source: The photo in (c) was taken by IBM Research and is used under a Creative Commons license CC BY-ND 2.0.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-imgfileid=\"100006449\" data-ratio=\"0.7083333333333334\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"\" src=\"./assets/17423802812150.22497016138364678.jpeg\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>Left: Human input, operations, and observations.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>Right: ChemCrow's operations and final answer, along with suggestions for a new chromophore.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;text-wrap: wrap;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>\u003Cstrong>Comparison of GPT-4 and ChemCrow's performance on various tasks.\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style=\"text-align: center;\">\u003Cimg class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-imgfileid=\"100006450\" data-ratio=\"0.6101851851851852\" data-s=\"300,640\" data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"\" src=\"./assets/17423802812160.16776493247262603.jpeg\">\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>a. Preference evaluation for each task. For each task, evaluators (n=4) were asked which model's response they preferred. Tasks are divided into three categories: synthesis, molecular design, and chemical logic, ordered by difficulty within each category.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>b. Average chemical accuracy (authenticity) of human evaluators (n=4) in organic synthesis tasks, sorted by the synthetic accessibility of the synthesis target.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>c. Summary results of all metrics based on ratings from human evaluators (n=56) across all tasks, compared to ratings from EvaluatorGPT (n=14). Error bars represent confidence intervals (95%).\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>d. Checkboxes highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each system. These pros and cons were determined based on observations left by evaluators.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>Although current results are limited by the number and quality of selected tools, the possibility space is enormous, especially since potential tools are not restricted to the chemistry domain. Integrating other language-based tools, image processing tools, etc., could significantly enhance ChemCrow's capabilities. Furthermore, despite the limited selection of evaluation tasks, further research and development can expand and diversify these tasks, truly pushing the limits of these systems.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>Evaluations by expert chemists show that ChemCrow outperforms GPT-4 in terms of chemical factuality, reasoning, and completeness of responses, particularly in more complex tasks. While GPT-4 may perform better in memory-intensive tasks, such as synthesizing well-known molecules like paracetamol and aspirin, ChemCrow excels in novel or less-known tasks, which are often more useful and challenging. In contrast, LLM-driven evaluations tend to favor GPT-4 due to its smoother and seemingly more complete responses. However, LLM-driven evaluations may not be as reliable as human evaluations in assessing the actual effectiveness of models in chemical reasoning. This discrepancy suggests the need for further improvements in evaluation methods to better capture the unique capabilities of systems like ChemCrow in solving complex, real-world chemical problems.\u003C/p>\u003Cp style='margin-bottom: 0px;cursor: pointer;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.8em;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima, \"Microsoft YaHei\", PingFangSC-regular, serif;text-wrap: wrap;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);'>The evaluation process is not without challenges, and improved experimental design could enhance the validity of the results. A major challenge under the current API-based LLM approach is the lack of reproducibility of individual results due to the limited control provided by closed-source models. Recent open-source models offer potential solutions to this issue, though possibly at the cost of reduced reasoning ability. 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